IPO – Type of public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also retail (individual) investors
RTO – Is a type of merger that private companies engage in to become publicly traded without resorting to an initial public offering (IPO). Initially, the private company buys enough shares to control a publicly traded company.
CTO – is an order than prohibits trading in securities of a company by the people or companies identified in the order and for the period of time specified in the order. A CTO may prohibit all trading in the securities of a particular company.
L2 – A subscription based data service that provides access to the underlying indices order book.
Outstanding shares – The number of shares outstanding can be computed as either basic or fully diluted. The basic number of shares outstanding is simply the current number of shares available on the secondary market, whereas the fully diluted shares outstanding calculation takes into account diluting securities such as convertibles (warrants, options, preferred shares, etc.). Therefore, if a company owns any diluting securities, that would indicate a potential increase in the number of shares outstanding in the future.
Fully Diluted – Fully diluted shares are the total number of common shares of a company that will be outstanding and available to trade on the open market after all possible sources of conversion, such as convertible bonds and employee stock options, are exercised.
Hedge – A hedge is an investment that is made with the intention of reducing the risk of adverse price movements in an asset. Normally, a hedge consists of taking an offsetting position in a related security.
Margin – Margin is the money borrowed from a brokerage firm to purchase an investment. It is the difference between the total value of securities held in an investor’s account and the loan amount from the broker. Buying on margin is the act of borrowing money to buy securities.
Sector – A sector is an area of the economy in which businesses share the same or a related product or service. It can also be thought of as an industry or market that shares common operating characteristics. Dividing an economy into different sectors allows for more in-depth analysis of the economy as a whole.
Rally – A rally is a period of sustained increases in the prices of stocks, bonds or indices. This type of price movement can happen during either a bull or a bear market, when it is known as either a bull market rally or a bear market rally, respectively.
Trading Halt- A trading halt is a temporary suspension of trading for a particular security or securities at one exchange or across numerous exchanges. Trading halts are typically enacted in anticipation of a news announcement, to correct an order imbalance, as a result of a technical glitch, or due to regulatory concerns.
Execution – Execution is the completion of a buy or sell order for a security. The execution of an order occurs when it gets filled, not when the investor places it. When the investor submits the trade, it is sent to a broker, who then determines the best way for it to be executed.
Spread- A spread can have several meanings in finance. Basically, however, they all refer to the difference between two prices, rates or yields.
Dilution – Stock dilution happens when a company issues more shares of its stock, or when more shares materialize, such as when employees exercise stock options or grants. Remember that a company first issues stock to the public via an initial public offering (IPO). After that, other issuances are called secondary offerings.
Share Structure – A share structure is the type, series, and classes of shares that the company has been authorized. For any company, there is at least one class of shares. A share class can have one or more series of shares if the restrictions and special rights connected to the class give this inclusion.
Ask Price – The lowest price a seller of a stock is willing to accept for a share of that given stock.
Bid Price – The highest price a buyer of a stock is willing to accept for a share of that given stock.
Source
Investopedia
